CROPPING SYSTEMS

✅CROPPING SYSTEMS

Kharif crop : July to Oct

Rabi crop : Oct to March

Zaid crop : March to June

✨ Classification of Crop based on Season ✨

   1. Kharif Crops 

The Kharif/monsoon crop is sown with the beginning of the first rains in June to July, during the south-west monsoon season and harvest in the month of October. Require warm, wet weather at major period of crop growth, also required short day length for flowering. The term Kharif means “autumn” in Arabic. e. g. Paddy, Maize, Soybean, 

Sorghum, Groundnut, Cotton, Urd etc.

   2. Rabi Crops 

The Rabi/winter crop or spring harvest crop is sown in the month of November during the northeast monsoon season and harvest in the month of February. Crops grow well 

in cold and dry weather. Require longer day length for flowering. The term Rabi means “spring” in Arabic. e. g. Wheat, Chickpea, Pea, Sunflower, Safflower, Mustard etc. 

   3. Zaid Crops

The Zaid/summer crop is mainly sown in the month of March and harvested in May. Require warm day weather for major growth period and longer day length for flowering. 

e. g. Paddy, Groundnut, Moong, Sunflower, Maize, Groundnuts, Watermelon, Pumpkins, Gourds.

✅Cropping pattern : Yearly sequence and spatial arrangement of crops and fallow on a given area 

(Proportion of the area under various crops at a time)

✅ Cropping scheme : It is plan related to the most profitable use of resources, land, labour, capital 

and management.

✅Cropping system, LS system, poultry system etc., are the sub division of farming system 

✅ Crop system is the sub division of cropping system 

✅ Mono cropping also called as mono culture 

✅Mono cropping : one crop during one season or year.

✅ Double crop : two crop per year

✅Triple crop : three crop per year

✅ Multiple cropping : more than 2 crops per year 

✅ Parallel multiple cropping : intercropping with zero competition

✅ Multiple cropping / Inter cropping / Mixed cropping / Relay cropping / Strip cropping : Crop 

intensification is in time and space dimension 

✅Sequential cropping : Crop intensification is only in time dimension. No intercrop competition. 

Succeeding crop planted after harvesting of first crop

✅Relay cropping : . Succeeding crop planted before harvesting of preceding crop

✅ Companion crop : Short duration crop planted in between sugarcane (intercrop). It harvested before elongation phase of sugarcane

✅Component crop : Individual crop species that are a part of multiple cropping system

✅ Sole crop : Pure stand or Solid planting (opposite to intercropping)

✅ Simultaneous poly culture : It includes intercropping, mixed cropping, inter culture, inter planting, 

relay planting.

✅Allelopathy : The any direct or indirect harmful effect that one plant has on another through the production of chemical substances that escape into the environment 

✅Synergetic cropping : Two crops yield is higher than sole crop yield 

✅Energy crop : Sugarcane & Tapioca 

✅Nurse crop or Green manure crop : Tephrosia, Crotalaria 

✅Avenue crop or Road side crop : Gliricidia, Pigeon pea 

✅Riparian crop : pepper wort, Water bind weed