System of Rice intensification(SRI)
Whats is SRI method in rice?
System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is a methodology for increasing the productivity of irrigated rice by changing the management of plants, soil, water and nutrients particularly by eliciting greater root growth.
Who invented Sri method?
it is Dr. Norman Uphoff from Cornell International Institute for Food and Agriculture, Ithaca, USA, who had brought this method to the notice of outside world in the late 1990s
What is the basic principle of SRI method?
SRI methodology is based on four main principles that interact with each other:
✓ Early, quick
✓healthy plant establishment.
✓ Reduced plant density.
✓ Improved soil conditions through enrichment with organic matter.
How does system of rice intensification work?
SRI is an agro-ecological approach that simultaneously raises the productivity of the land, water, and capital in irrigated rice by changing the management of plants, soil, water, and nutrients.
SRI is a combination of several practices those include changes in nursery management, time of transplanting, water and weed management. Its different way of cultivating rice crop though the fundamental practices remain more or less same like in the conventional method; it just emphasizes altering of certain agronomic practices of the conventional way of rice cultivation. All these new practices are together known as System of Rice Intensification (SRI). SRI is not a fixed package of technical specifications, but a system of production with four main components, viz., soil fertility management, planting method, weed control and water (irrigation) management. Several field practices have been developed around these components. Of them, the key cultural practices followed in most cases are:
Preparing high-quality land
SRI requires careful leveling and raking, with drainage facilitated by 30 cm wide channels at two-meter intervals across the field.
Preferring compost or farmyard manure to synthetic fertilizers
It is better to use organic nutrients, as they are better at promoting the abundance and diversity of microorganisms, starting with beneficial bacteria and fungi in the soil. This will promote proper microbial activity, thereby improving production.
Developing nutrient-rich and un-flooded nurseries
The seedbeds have to be nutrient-rich and established as close to the main field as possible. This will enable quicker and easier transportation between the nurseries and the fields, minimizing both transport time and costs so that the seedlings are efficiently transplanted.
Using young seedlings for early transplantation
This has to take place when the seedlings are just 8 to 12 days old, soon after they have two leaves, and at least before the 15th day after sowing.
Ensuring wider spacing between seedlings
The seedlings should be planted at precise spacing, usually 25 X 25 cm2, about 16 plants per square meter. Rice plant roots and canopies grow better if spaced widely, rather than densely.
Transplanting the seedlings singly
The seedlings must be transplanted singly with their roots intact, while the seed sac is still attached. They must not be plunged too deep into the soil, but placed at 1-2 cm on the ground at the appropriate point on the planting grid.
Frequent intercultivation with weeder
A manual weeder is to be operated perpendicularly in both directions in between the hills within 10 to 12 days of transplantation, and at intervals of 10-12 days afterwards. This operation not only controls the weeds but churns the soil which causes a lot of changes in the soil which favours better growth of the crop.
Managing water carefully so that the plants’ root zones moisten, but are not continuously submerged
SRI requires the root zone to be kept moist, not submerged. Water applications can be intermittent, leaving plant roots with sufficiency, rather than surfeit of water. Rice grown under SRI has larger root system, profuse and strong tillers with big panicles and well-filled spikelets with higher grain weight. The rice plants develop about 30 – 80 tillers and the yields are reported to be higher. The secret behind this is that rice plants do best when young seedlings are transplanted carefully at wider spacing; their roots grow larger on soil that is kept well aerated with abundant and diverse soil microorganisms.
TOP 50 about #RICE (ORYZA SATIVA )
Q.1- Scientific name of rice.
Ans. Oryza sativa.
Q.2- Family of rice.
Ans. Gramineae.
Q.3- Origin of rice.
Ans. South East Asia.
Q.4- Sowing time of Autumn/Aus rice.
Ans. March-April
Q.5- Sowing time of Aman rice.
Ans. May-June
Q.6- Sowing time of Boro rice.
Ans. December-January
Q.7- Aman rice also known as.
Ans. Kharief/Winter rice
Q.8- Boro rice also known as.
Ans. Summer rice
Q.9- Lodging does not occur in.
Ans. Japonica rice
Q.10- Rice inflorescence is known as.
Ans. Panicle
Q.11- Hull is combination of.
Ans. Lemma + Paea togather
Q.12- Yield increased by adopting SRI is.
Ans. 50-90%
Q.13- Highest rice producing state in india.
Ans. West Bengal
Q.14- Test weight of basmati rice is.
Ans. 21g
Q.15- Rice is a type of plant.
Ans. Self pollineted & short day plant
Q.16- Cardinal temprature of riceis.
Ans. 30-32°C
Q.17- Hulling % of rice is.
Ans. 70-75%
Q.18- First development rice variety is.
Ans. T.N.-1
Q.19- Jagannath is a mutant variety of.
Ans. T.N.-141
Q.20- The worlds first high yielding variety of rice has been developed by IARI.
Ans. Pusa Basmati-2
Q.21- Maximum rice exporter in the world.
Ans. Thailand
Q.22- Highest productvity of rice world.
Ans. Japan (58q/ha)
Q.23- Most critical stage for water.
Ans. Booting stage
Q.24- Seedling ready for transplanting in depog method.
Ans. 12th day
Q.25- Best bio-fertilizer for rice.
Ans. Azolla
Q.26- Area required for rice nursery.
Ans. 700-800 m2
Q.27- Fruit of rice is known as.
Ans. Caryopsis
Q.28- Killer desease of rice are.
Ans. A- Bacterial blight, 2. Tunger virus
Q.29- The gas emits from rice field is.
Ans. Methane
Q.30- Akiochi disease is due to.
Ans. H2S
Q.31- Highest N loss in rice field by.
Ans. Denitrification
Q.32- Paira and utera cropping system is related to.
Q.33- Puddler & puddling is related to.
Ans. Rice
Q.34- Parboiling of rice conserve the vitamin.
Ans. Vitamin B12
Q.35- Seed rate in depog method for rice.
Ans. 3-4 kg/m2
Q.36- Area required for seedling preparation in depog method.
Ans. 25-30 m2
Q.37- Miracle rice (first dwarf variety) of india is.
Ans. Jaya
Q.38- Gene responsible for dwarf ness in rice.
Ans. Dee-Gee-Woo-gene
Q.39- Spacing for sowing of seedlings of rice.
Ans. 20 into 10 cm
Q.40- Khaira desease of rice is due to.
Ans. Zinc deficiency
Q.41- Optimum ph of soil for growing rice is.
Ans. 4-6 ph
Q.42- Seed rate of hybrid rice is.
Ans. 6-10 kg/acre
Q.43- First aromatic Basmati rice is.
Ans. Pusa RH-10
Q.44- Vikramarya rice variety is resistant for.
Ans. Tungro virus
Q.45- Ajay rice is resistand for.
Ans. Bacterial blight
Q.46- State known as "Bowl of Rice" is.
Ans. Chattisgarh
Q.47- Vitamin rich in golden yellow rice is.
Ans. Vitamin A
Q.48- Total districts of India in paddy growing.
Ans. 564 districts
Q.49- The bio herbicide used in rich cultivation is.
Ans. Collego
Q.50-Blast desease is due to.
Ans. Pyricularia Oryzae
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